The northern Kingdom of Yisrael (Israel) would be defeated by the Assyrian Empire in 721 BCE. Refugees fled south to the Kingdom of Juda, others may have been exiled and lost. The Samaritans may descend from those who remained.
The southern Kingdom of Yehuda (Juda) was defeated by the Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE. The upper class exiled to what today is Iraq, leading the famous Psalm:
|| By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, When we remembered Zion.
Zionism may well date back 2,600 years.
Under Babylonian occupation, Jews were autonomous in a province called Yehud.
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