The Jews would revolt against Rome, with Jerusalem being sacked in 70 CE.
By this point Israelite/Jews had been living on this land – as Israelites – for over 1,500 years. (With their Canaanitic ancestors present likely for thousands of years before that.)
Only after the defeat of the Bar Kochva Revolt was the region renamed “Palestine” – by the foreign European colonial power.
Left: Bar Kochva era coins Right: Ptolemy’s 2nd century map of Roman Palestine (showing also Judea & Samaria).
Arab-Israeli Conflict
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